When you look at the many and varied responses by governments around the world with respect to the way they have handled the Covid pandemic, it seems to us that the common features to the more successful governments have been:

1. Early decisive action initiated with courage
2. Clear, consistent instructions to citizens
3. Widespread compliance to the instructions
4. Informed and intelligent tactical marshaling of resources to achieve strategic objectives.

We think a strong risk management plan has all of these features built into it and so while a pandemic will always carry an element of surprise about it, there should be no surprise as to how we deal with it.